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## java.io
Class Writer

    java.lang.Object
      |
      +--java.io.Writer

Direct Known Subclasses:
  BufferedWriter, CharArrayWriter, FilterWriter, OutputStreamWriter, PipedWriter, PrintWriter

public abstract class Writer
extends Object

Abstract class for writing to character streams. The only methods that a subclass must implement are write(char[], int, int), flush(), and close(). Most subclasses, however, will override some of the methods defined here in order to provide higher efficiency, additional functionality, or both.

Since:
  JDK1.1
See Also:
  `Writer`, `BufferedWriter`, `CharArrayWriter`, `FilterWriter`, `OutputStreamWriter`, `FileWriter`, `PipedWriter`, `PrintWriter`, `Reader`

Field Summary
`protected Object` | `lock` The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

Constructor Summary
`protected` | `Writer()` Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.
`protected` | `Writer(Object lock)` Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.

Method Summary
`abstract void` | `close()` Close the stream, flushing it first.
`abstract void` | `flush()` Flush the stream.
`void` | `write(char[] cbuf)` Write an array of characters.
`abstract void` | `write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)` Write a portion of an array of characters.
`void` | `write(int c)` Write a single character.
`void` | `write(String str)` Write a string.
`void` | `write(String str, int off, int len)` Write a portion of a string.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### lock

    protected Object lock

  The object used to synchronize operations on this stream. For efficiency, a character-stream object may use an object other than itself to protect critical sections. A subclass should therefore use the object in this field rather than `this` or a synchronized method.

Constructor Detail

### Writer

    protected Writer()

  Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.

### Writer

    protected Writer(Object lock)

  Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.
  Parameters:
    `lock` - Object to synchronize on.

Method Detail

### write

    public void write(int c)
               throws IOException

  Write a single character. The character to be written is contained in the 16 low-order bits of the given integer value; the 16 high-order bits are ignored.

  Subclasses that intend to support efficient single-character output should override this method.

  Parameters:
    `c` - int specifying a character to be written.
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(char[] cbuf)
               throws IOException

  Write an array of characters.
  Parameters:
    `cbuf` - Array of characters to be written
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public abstract void write(char[] cbuf,
                               int off,
                               int len)
                        throws IOException

  Write a portion of an array of characters.
  Parameters:
    `cbuf` - Array of characters
    `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
    `len` - Number of characters to write
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(String str)
               throws IOException

  Write a string.
  Parameters:
    `str` - String to be written
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(String str,
                      int off,
                      int len)
               throws IOException

  Write a portion of a string.
  Parameters:
    `str` - A String
    `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
    `len` - Number of characters to write
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### flush

    public abstract void flush()
                        throws IOException

  Flush the stream. If the stream has saved any characters from the various write() methods in a buffer, write them immediately to their intended destination. Then, if that destination is another character or byte stream, flush it. Thus one flush() invocation will flush all the buffers in a chain of Writers and OutputStreams.
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### close

    public abstract void close()
                        throws IOException

  Close the stream, flushing it first. Once a stream has been closed, further write() or flush() invocations will cause an IOException to be thrown. Closing a previously-closed stream, however, has no effect.
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

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